Differences in plant design, broader safe shutdown capabilities and strong structures to hold in radioactive materials all help ensure U.S. reactors against the combination of lapses that led to the accident at Chernobyl. The NRC continues to conclude that many factors protect U.S. (IAEA, 2006, and World Health Organization, 2006) Residents report very negative self-assessments of health, unexplained physical symptoms, and expectations of a short life. There are also psycho-social impacts on residents and evacuees from the disaster including higher rates of depression, alcoholism and anxiety over potential health effects. While cancer deaths have generally been far lower than initial speculations of tens of thousands of radiation-related deaths, a recent study of a cohort of emergency workers found a statistically significant relative risk of solid cancer incidence and mortality. 65)Įxperts expected that some cancer deaths might eventually be attributed to Chernobyl over the lifetime of the emergency workers, evacuees and residents living in the most contaminated areas. The available evidence does not show any effect on the number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, delivery complications, stillbirths or overall health of children among the families living in the most contaminated areas. Ninety-nine percent of these children were successfully treated 15 children and adolescents in the three countries died from thyroid cancer by 2005. To date, about 6,000 thyroid cancer cases have been detected among these children. Many children and adolescents in the area in 1986 drank milk contaminated with radioactive iodine, which delivered substantial doses to their thyroid glands. 124-25) Today the available evidence does not strongly connect the accident to radiation-induced increases of leukemia or solid cancer, other than thyroid cancer. The majority of the five million residents living in contaminated areas, however, received very small radiation doses comparable to natural background levels (0.1 rem per year). Agencies such as the World Health Organization have been concerned about radiation exposure to people evacuated from these areas. The Chernobyl accident contaminated wide areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine inhabited by millions of residents. Government agencies continue to monitor cleanup and recovery workers’ health. Chernobyl cleanup activities eventually required about 600,000 workers, although only a small fraction of these workers were exposed to elevated levels of radiation. Another 200,000 cleanup workers in 19 received doses of between 1 and 100 rem (The average annual radiation dose for a U.S. Two workers died within hours of the reactor explosion from non-radiological causes. Another 106 workers received high enough doses to cause acute radiation sickness. The Chernobyl accident’s severe radiation effects killed 28 of the site’s 600 workers in the first four months after the event. The Soviet (and later on, Russian) government evacuated about 115,000 people from the most heavily contaminated areas in 1986, and another 220,000 people in subsequent years (Source: UNSCEAR 2008, pg. The Soviet nuclear power authorities presented their initial accident report to an International Atomic Energy Agency meeting in Vienna, Austria, in August 1986.Īfter the accident, officials closed off the area within 30 kilometers (18 miles) of the plant, except for persons with official business at the plant and those people evaluating and dealing with the consequences of the accident and operating the undamaged reactors. Chernobyl’s three other reactors were subsequently restarted but all eventually shut down for good, with the last reactor closing in December 2000. The Soviet government also cut down and buried about a square mile of pine forest near the plant to reduce radioactive contamination at and near the site. A few weeks after the accident, the crews completely covered the damaged unit in a temporary concrete structure, called the “sarcophagus,” to limit further release of radioactive material. The sand was to stop the fire and additional releases of radioactive material the boron was to prevent additional nuclear reactions. The accident and the fire that followed released massive amounts of radioactive material into the environment.Įmergency crews responding to the accident used helicopters to pour sand and boron on the reactor debris. On April 26, 1986, a sudden surge of power during a reactor systems test destroyed Unit 4 of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in the former Soviet Union. Backgrounder on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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The 'Barbie' and 'Oppenheimer' double feature shouldn't be a one-off Ryan Gosling and Margot Robbie in "Barbie" Courtesy of Warner Bros. The film has been received well in most quarters in India, which conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, with critics giving it rave reviews and people flocking to cinemas to watch it. He added: “We believe that if you remove this scene and do the needful to win hearts of Hindus, it will go a long way to establish your credentials as a sensitized human being and gift you friendship of billions of nice people.” In a statement Saturday, India’s Information Commissioner, Uday Mahurkar, said the scene was “a direct assault on religious beliefs of a billion tolerant Hindus,” likening it to “waging a war on the Hindu community.” The scene has caused outrage among some right-wing groups, with a politician from India’s Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) calling the film a “disturbing attack on Hinduism” and accusing it of being “part of a larger conspiracy by anti-Hindu forces.” “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds,” Oppenheimer’s character says, as they resume intercourse. Pugh stops during intercourse and picks up a copy of the Bhagavad Gita, one of Hinduism’s holiest scriptures, and asks Murphy to read from it. The film tells the story of the atomic bomb through the lens of its creator, Robert Oppenheimer, and the scene in question depicts actor Cillian Murphy, who plays the lead role, having sex with Florence Pugh, who plays his lover Jean Tatlock. Christopher Nolan’s latest blockbuster movie “Oppenheimer” has sparked controversy among the Hindu-right in India, with some calling for a boycott and demanding the removal of a sex scene in which the titular character utters a famous line from the religion’s holy scripture. The songs in “Songs from Testimonies” project were performed in a number of testimonies in the Fortunoff Video Archive, researched, curated, arranged and produced in the form of a musical production by Dr. There are more than 4,400 testimonies in the Fortunoff Video Archive-12,000 hours of material in over a dozen languages, recorded over the last forty years in over a dozen different countries. Under Hartman’s watch as faculty advisor, it grew to become an internationally renowned collection that, over the years, has influenced the way the history of the Holocaust is written, studied, and taught. In 1981 the video collection came to Yale University, thanks to the work of Professor Geoffrey Hartman, who gave it a permanent home within the Manuscripts and Archives department at Sterling Memorial Library. They had the support of the New Haven survivor community, particularly of William Rosenberg, who would later become the president of the project, as well as many other members of the Jewish community. Dori Laub, a psychiatrist and analyst and himself a child survivor from Czernowitz, Romania (now Ukraine), and Laurel Vlock, a television journalist at Channel 8. In 1979, the Holocaust Survivors Film Project-the predecessor of the Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies-began taping the testimonies of survivors and witnesses in New Haven, Connecticut. Paris.By Stephen Naron, Director, Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies "Living South of the Freeway" by Kev Carmody."I've Been Drunk in Every Pub in Brisbane" by the Chats."Inferno (Brisbane In Summer)" by Robert Forster."Departures (Blue Toowong Skies)" by Bernard Fanning."Conversation with a Brisbane Cab Driver" by Rob Snarski."Buckin' Brisbane Broncos" by Jim Haynes."Brisvegas" by John Kennedy's 68 Comeback Special."Brisbane to Beechworth" by Matt Taylor."Brisbane (Security City) by The Saints."Brisbane Girl" by Penny Davies and Roger Ilott."Big Old Car" by Adam Brand, Cold Chisel."Bendigo, Welcome Stranger" by Keith Glass. "Bathurst to L.A." by Penny Davies and Roger Ilott."The Bathurst Rebellion" by Lionel Long."Died in Ballarat" by Mick Thomas' Roving Commission."When The Snow Falls On The Alice" by Lee Kernaghan."The Ghan To Alice Springs" by Buddy Williams."Alice Springs Waltz" by Herbie Laughton."46 Miles from Alice" by Catherine Britt."Sitting in a Bar in Adelaide" by Skyhooks."One More Boring Night in Adelaide" by Redgum."In South Australia I Was Born" by Greg Champion."Home and Broken Hearted" by Cold Chisel."Came from Adelaide" by Coodabeen Champions."Adelaide You're Beautiful" by Judith Durham."Anochecer en Ushuaia" by Juan María Solare."Rapsodia Porteña" by Juan María Solare."Santa Maria (Del Buen Ayre)" by Gotan Project."No tan Buenos Aires" by Andrés Calamaro."No bombardeen Buenos Aires" by Charly García." Mi Buenos Aires querido" by Carlos Gardel."María de Buenos Aires" by Ástor Piazzolla." En la Ciudad de la Furia" by Soda Stereo." Chiquilín de Bachín", tango by Ástor Piazzolla and Horacio Ferrer."Cafetín de Buenos Aires" by Roberto Goyeneche."Buenos Aires" by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber." No moles left in Irevan", by Jabbar Garyaghdioglu."Tizi Ouzou" by Idir & Maxime Le Forestier."Shkupi, Tirana, Prishtina" by Adrian Gaxha.The following is a list of songs about cities, from both traditional and pop music: the list should not be considered complete. Davis also says that songs with titles concerning cities and other specific places often have enduring popularity. Lyricist and author Sheila Davis writes that including a city in a song's title helps focus the song on the concrete and specific, which is both more appealing and more likely to lead to universal truth than abstract generalizations. However, there are many exceptions, for example: Lady Antebellum's song "This City" and Danielle Bradbery's " Young in America". Not all genres share the tendency to be positive about cities in Country music cities are often portrayed as unfriendly and dehumanizing, or seductive but full of sin. In many cases, songs celebrate individual cities, presenting them as exciting and liberating. Popular music often treats cities positively, though sometimes they are portrayed as places of danger and temptation. Music journalist and author Nick Coleman has gone as far as to say that apart from love, "pop is better on cities than anything else." ( January 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭities are a major topic for popular songs. Please help improve this article if you can. The specific problem is: The page should only contain songs which have been specifically written about a city, per Articles for Deletion. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. |
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